Elderly Care Comparative Study | Research Methodology

Elderly Care Comparative Study | Research Methodology A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELDERLY CARE AMONG HINDUS AND MUSLIMS IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF ALIGARH DISTRICT A comparative study of elderly care among major religious community of Aligarh district Introduction: Since time immemorial, across the world history, care affairs of the elderly were totally family concerns, carried out mostly at home by women and elder themselves (Bookman Kimbrel, 2011). In the twenty first century the needs, rights, concerns and problems of elderly persons are getting more attention of people from different walks of life i.e. social scientists, statesmen, administrators and social workers etc. Aging is neither a new phenomena nor a kind of ailment rather it’s a latter part of life cycle, considered one among the most challenging phenomena around the world- irrespective of developed and developing country as well. In, India, family based care of elderly is fastest growing concern for the big chunk of elderly population, about hundred million. This study seeks to highlight the existing pattern of care affairs of elderly in the informal setting, and interaction between elders and cares in the family. Here, more emphasis has given to peep into the nuts bolts of care relations among elderly and their family members. Research problems In the last couple of decades, innovation of wide range life saving drug, its availability and accessibility to common man have improved health of elderly, consequently the raised the life span of people worldwide and in India too, in contrast to previous normal age. That demanding lot of care and support for them includes medical, financial, psycho-social, spiritual and religious care. Now India is the home of about100 million people, taking care of elderly is of course a serious affair, can’t be left as it is going on. In due course of time, by the introduction of industrialization, urbanization and modernization in India, living style has drastically changed, where institution of joint family transformed into nuclear family. The industrial revolution not just change the people living standers, rather it’s too altered the age stratification resulting, lessen the power, prestige and importance of elderly people in society, finally, the elderly turn into social elite to social problems (macionics,2013). Because, the paradox, whether the responsibility of elderly care is a family matter or of government, becoming a matter of concern in India. Literature review Significance of study From the prehistoric time, India has been a country of care, love, affection, companionship and intimacy, where elder’s status remained matter of high consideration and elders considered as nucleus of power. Till the pre-independence era, most of the families were living jointly and agriculture was the major source of income and elders were the headed the family. But, after the industrialization, urbanization and modernization, joint family turned into nuclear family. Now, their position is no more, some time their status worst to social problems. Elderly people above the age of 60, have less resources, income and high life expectancies, require more, need, concerns and cares. Objectives of the study To undertake a socio-economic, and situational analysis of the condition of the elderly people in the family. To comprehend the pattern of family based elderly care practices in terms of various parameters such as religion, area (Rural-Urban), class and gender etc. To develop an extensive list of needs and difficulties as faced by elders in the family. To decipher psycho-social and emotional conditions of elderly people and associates factors. To identify the influence of religion and religiosity on care of elderly. To critically assess the changing value systems and social institutions that impinges upon the care and social support system with reference to the elderly. To study the level of awareness among the elderly as regards policies, programmes and legislatives provisions safeguards in India. Key Words: elderly, elderly care, family based care practice, religion and religiosity Conceptual framework Research questions This study will focus on the comparison care concerns and status of elderly care in the family among Hindus and Muslims in different settings i.e. rural and urban area. Further will seek to answer the following important questions concerning family based Elderly Care. What are the existing system and patterns of elderly care in the family? What are the dimensions and the level of care provided by the family members? Who is the responsible person for the care of elderly in the family? What is the quality of the elderly care in the family settings? What are the major day to day challenges of elderly care in the family? What is the impact of structural changes in the family on elderly care? What are the sources of livelihood of elderly people? What is the attitude of elders toward the care provided by family members? What is the level of satisfaction among elderly about their care? What are the role of religion and religiosity on care relation and care of elderly in the family? What are the differences and similarities in the family based elderly care among Hindus and Muslims in rural areas. Research Methodology Scope of the study This study will focus to study the day to day pattern of care relation and care of elderly and most possible issues and challenges, encountering elderly people within the family. This study will explore the level of differences and similarities of elderly care, among Hindus and Muslims family on the one hand and rural and urban on the other hand. Universe and Sample The study will be conducted in the selected rural and urban areas of Utter Pradesh, particularly in Aligarh District. The basic respondent of the study will be elderly people (60 or more age) and their potential caregiver in the family. Sampling Frame First of all, willing elderly people for being respondent for the purpose of study will be enlisted, respective to their economic classes, religion and sex, would be helpful to have proper result of the study. Sampling Method Sample Design As elderly care is personal and sensitive issue the sample would be selected on the basis of purposive sampling stratification of the universe will be on the basis of religion (Hindu Muslim), areas (rural urban) economic class (upper, middle and lower), and sex. SAMPLE DESIGN Tools and techniques for the data collection This study would be based on qualitative as well as quantitative data. Therefore mixed approach will be adopted, includes survey research for quantitative data to have empirical analysis and qualitative methods i.e. interview schedule and case study method will be used to comprehend a comprehensive and wider description to fill the gap of quantitative data. Through, direct observation and in-depth interview of elders, issues and concerns of their care in the family would be more elaborated and will cover all aspect of their care life, includes, their living arrangement, relationship with family members, in the family References Bookman, A. Kimbrel, D. (2011) Families and elder care in the twenty-first century. Princeton University, 21 (2), 117-140. Macionics, J.J. (2013) Social problems. New Jersey: Pearson publication.

Plea-Bargains: Currency of the Courts An Examination of the Effectivene

â€Å"Rahim Jaffer case heads for plea-bargain†; former Alberta MP Rahim Jaffer was being charged on cocaine possession and drunk-driving charges; his case was likely to be resolved with a plea-bargain agreement (Makin, 2010). This is but one case of many that are settled though a plea-bargain agreement. Plea-bargaining can take the form of a sentence reduction, a withdrawal or stay of other charges, or, a promise not proceed on other charges, in exchange for a guilty plea by an accused. During discussion of a potential plea bargain agreement, the Crown Attorney and defence lawyer will look at 4 distinct sections of a plea negotiation: charge discussions, sentence discussions, procedural discussions, and agreements as to the facts of the offence and the narrowing of issues in order to expedite the trial ("Plea bargaining," 2011). According to the Department of Justice, approximately 90% of criminal cases are resolved each year by use of plea-bargaining (â€Å"Findlaw,† 2012). Despite what appears on its face to be rampant use of the plea agreement, plea negotiations are incredibly helpful to our court system. First, plea agreements serve to diminish the overload of cases and avoid lengthy trials, thus avoiding appeals of trial decisions and allowing greater access to the justice system. In turn, a less burdened court system can focus its efforts on the most serious of criminal offences thereby ensuring that such cases are handled in the manner with the greatest likelihood of securing a conviction. Overall, this judicial efficiency results in a cost savings and better allocation of resources. This paper will explore these two main benefits and also discuss potential criticisms of the plea bargain system. Plea-Bargaining has become... ..., 2012, from http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/icg-gci/pb4-rpc4.html Plea bargaining. (2011, February 28). Retrieved from http://www.victimsofviolence.on.ca/rev2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=378&Itemid=197 Plea bargaining in canada. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/rs/rep-rap/2002/rr02_5/p3.html Romaniuk, T. (n.d.). Centre for Constitutional Studies - R. v. Askov.Faculty of Law Home - University of Alberta. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http://www.law.ualberta.ca/centres/ccs/rulings/Ask Tappscott. (2012). street directory. Retrieved from http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/14026/legal_matters/plea_bargaining_pros_and_cons.html Young, R. (2011, November 16). Cutbacks have some courts dismissing criminal cases. Here & Noe. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http://www.hereandnow.wbur.org/2011/11/16/budget-cuts-court

Defining Humanities Essay

Humanities are fundamental to grasp an understanding of what has transpired in the past and what will construct for the future. To differentiate between the humanities and other modes of human inquiries and expressions, the definition of humanities must be defined and will be explained in this paper along with a personal cultural event experienced. The reader should depart with an understanding of what humanities entails and how it differs. Humanities Humanities are constantly tested with a range of societal changes today. According to the Humanities Association (2009), â€Å"humanities is about people; how people create the world they live in; how the world they live in makes them the people they are† (para. 2). Humanities express the concern in human life and illustrate how it relates to its historic times. Distinguishing the humanities from other modes of human inquiry and expression shares a comprehensive appreciation of the human form, whether it is the study of art, music, architecture, philosophy, literature, or any other individual venture. Other modes of human inquiries are about studying non-human objects. It differs from others that exercise a pragmatic approach. In other words, expressions with humanistic senses are supported and can be observed. Cultural Events Collectively, humanities are about the human race and how people have survived over time through political, socioeconomics, and technological changes. Culture is a dominant individual tool for survival, but it is also a delicate observable fact. It is consistently evolving and easily displaced because it exists only in our minds. Last year, the author of this paper had the pleasure of attending the Texas Renaissance Festival in Plantersville, TX. The festival is one of the nation’s largest, most recognized Renaissance fair where the things to see, sounds, tastes, and exquisiteness of the 16th Century come alive every weekend for eight weeks. The fair displays several forms of expressions in art, theater, dance, music, and literature. There are also themed weekend which allows a brief glimpse into the world during a particular era. The Texas Renaissance festival is an expression of how certain aspects of life were dealt with in past centuries. It gives an all access weekend into the life of traditional living, coupled with food and replica artifacts for sell during the focused period. It started showcasing in 1974 and today features over 500 costumed performers and 15 performance stages. The music played around the fair emphasizes emotions and projects individual experiences into rhythmic words. For example, during the Roman Bacchanal themed weekend, it features entertainment that includes the sounds of ancient Rome. All music is forms of an â€Å"art form† and is only an outline of expression. Contrary to what music was like centuries ago, the direction it has taken now takes on a whole new meaning. There are different genres such as rock, pop, classical, jazz, opera, or hip-hop. They are released to society in the variety of ways such as compact discs, digitized musical downloads, or in person concerts. Some individuals of society believes music is controlling and manipulating; however, some individuals beg to differ denoting it has positive socioeconomically results and is art. The works of literature displayed at the fair is impeccable. It is in the form of imaginative works including short stories, poems, or plays, which are performed on stages around the fair grounds. Words in humanities can be written to describe the story of past events. Conclusion The study of humanities used to figure out the differing explanations of being existence and the past. Today’s civilization would be gone astray without the learning and use of humanities. If humanities did not exist, society and future generations would not understand how some wants and necessities happened such as cars, phones, electricity, television, sports, the White House, etc. Understanding how current developments reflect on humanities is important because it generalizes dependent and independent variables people speculated as causes to his or his background. The cultural event experienced revolutionized the insight of past centuries. Humanities and cultural familiarities allow people to become in synch with today’s world of fast-paced assimilated awareness.

The Store H M Might Ring A Bell - 2440 Words

Erling Persson, a name that we don’t hear everyday, but in the fashion industry, he is well known. If you don’t recognize his name, the store HM might ring a bell. Erling Persson was born on January 21, 1917. He originally lived in a small town by the name of Borlange, in central Sweden. Later on in his childhood, he and his family moved to Stockholm in which is the capital of Sweden. He started out as a novelty salesman, and was inspired to open his first fashion store in 1947 after a trip to New York, where he had been impressed by efficient high-volume stores such as Macy s and Barney s. â€Å"Persson had little interest in fashion, but he understood modern retailing. The company s key selling points were cutting-edge fashions and†¦show more content†¦HM’s fashion oracle and head designer answers the question on how the company could possibly keep up with all of the trends around the world; â€Å"What comprises of this fashionable A-team you ask? We ll, its designers come from all over the globe; From Holland, South Africa to Japan. The entire team works from HM s design center in Stockholm, popularly known as the white room. It does not stop there however. The team works closely with a mind-boggling number of services to produce its range of apparel - 60 pattern makers, 700 suppliers and 20 worldwide production centers to be exact,† quoted from Clara Lu. â€Å"Although HM’s core operation relies on its designers, creative directors, and pattern makers to stay on top of the latest trends, it also uses the services of fashion trend forecast companies such as Worth Global Styles Network (WGSN). As a fast-moving retailer, it takes on an innovative direction in determining consumer interests through both traditional analysis and experimental augmented-reality technologies,† Continued from Lu. If that’s not enough, on HM’s webXsite, they have sections just for fashion trends, and articles of weekly fashion finds! The company focuses on street fashion, haute couture, trends from the 50s and clean lines from the 60s. They do this not just because they are on trend, but because they actually listen to what their customers

What Makes A Good Scientist - 874 Words

What are the usual connotations of a scientist? Well, people tend to think that most scientists are brainiac, bookish, and intelligent people that have unusually high IQ scores and are proficient in mathematics. These connotations can be off putting to adolescents, who see themselves as the next Sir Isaac Newton or Stephen Hawking because they may lack in a certain area of expertise. Internationally acclaim evolutionary biologist, Dr. Edward Wilson, exclaims that in order to be successful in the scientific community one must have both passion and knowledge, and he suggests putting passion in front of knowledge because; â€Å"Decision and hard work based on passion will never fail you,† (24). In Letters to a Young Scientist, Dr. Edward Wilson shares his success and failures throughout his storied career, and he gives careful insight to future generations on becoming successful in the scientific community. To understand what makes a good scientist, one must define science. Science as quoted by world famous evolutionary biologist, Edward Wilson, â€Å"organized, testable knowledge of the real world, of everything around as well as ourselves, as opposed to the endlessly varied beliefs people hold from myth and superstition,†(55). Relatively, it wasn’t that long ago when humans believed that the earth was flat and the sun revolves around earth. Through the process of acquiring knowledge and testing hypothesis, humans have made countless advances in the science and technology world.Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Importance of a Science Education693 Words   |  3 Pagesall ages. Science is what makes up the world and the only way you would be able to know that would be by getting a real education in the studies of science. 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Global Market Liberalisation Globalization - 1117 Words

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Behaviorism and tantrums free essay sample

Behaviorism and tantrums Jess’s story is an example of operant conditioning, because most of his behaviors are voluntary. Jess had already learned how to get candies and other sweets from his dad at the grocery. This is also an example of positive reinforcement, because Jess is getting something he loves when he misbehaves and throws tantrums, which eventually increases Jesss negative behavior in the future. Bills behavior can be defined as negative reinforcement, since he is giving donuts to Jess in order to get his shopping done without his son throwing tantrums. If Bill doesnt stop dealing with Jesss behaviors, he will not be able to control his son in the future and the problems will only increase in the future. If I was Bill, I would try these three things: 1. I would make some rules for Jess at the grocery store. Jess might seem too young to understand the meaning of rules, but it will be important to explain to Jess in easy and simple ways what the rules are, and why he should follow them. We will write a custom essay sample on Behaviorism and tantrums or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. I would use donuts or candy bars as rewards. If Jess can follow the rules at the grocery store, then I will give him a prize. Jess might throw a temper tantrum as soon as he enters the grocery store, but Bill has to be strong and follow through whatever the rules are. 3. I would use negative consequences, like taking away the privilege of going to shopping with Bill if Jess’s behaviors continue. Jess might scream and cry, but Bill should ignore him until Jess stops. Once he stops, Bill should explain to his son why his behavior is not working. Bill can even make behavior chart and reward Jess when he has good behaviors, and ultimately give Jess a goal to reach. This will teaches Jess the right ways to get attention. References Berger, K. (2011). The Developing Person, Through the Life Span (8th ed. ). New York:Â   Worth