What Makes A Good Scientist - 874 Words

What are the usual connotations of a scientist? Well, people tend to think that most scientists are brainiac, bookish, and intelligent people that have unusually high IQ scores and are proficient in mathematics. These connotations can be off putting to adolescents, who see themselves as the next Sir Isaac Newton or Stephen Hawking because they may lack in a certain area of expertise. Internationally acclaim evolutionary biologist, Dr. Edward Wilson, exclaims that in order to be successful in the scientific community one must have both passion and knowledge, and he suggests putting passion in front of knowledge because; â€Å"Decision and hard work based on passion will never fail you,† (24). In Letters to a Young Scientist, Dr. Edward Wilson shares his success and failures throughout his storied career, and he gives careful insight to future generations on becoming successful in the scientific community. To understand what makes a good scientist, one must define science. Science as quoted by world famous evolutionary biologist, Edward Wilson, â€Å"organized, testable knowledge of the real world, of everything around as well as ourselves, as opposed to the endlessly varied beliefs people hold from myth and superstition,†(55). Relatively, it wasn’t that long ago when humans believed that the earth was flat and the sun revolves around earth. Through the process of acquiring knowledge and testing hypothesis, humans have made countless advances in the science and technology world.Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Importance of a Science Education693 Words   |  3 Pagesall ages. Science is what makes up the world and the only way you would be able to know that would be by getting a real education in the studies of science. There are many reasons in why getting an education in science can be important and three of them are that it makes you smarter, it increases your awaren ess of diseases going around in the world, and getting a proper education in science can inspire kids to be scientists themselves. Receiving an education in science is good for children of allRead MoreArgumentative Essay About Multitasking823 Words   |  4 PagesMultitasking†¦. What is multitasking and why do people do it People do multitasking because they can get more things done at one time instead of having to do it one at a time which could take hours, but what outcome does it have on people who do multitask Multitasking can have a good outcome and a bad outcome. Many scientist have study kids who multitask a lot because they want to see if it has a bad or good outcome. The truth is it is both multitasking can have a bad effect on the brain butRead MoreWrite An Essay On Patenting Animals1600 Words   |  7 PagesScientists have isolated genes that cause particular diseases and modified genes that alter organisms for particular reasons (for example, to help beneficial pl ants and animals to survive under harsh conditions). Make an argument as to why businesses that develop modified organisms should be able to preserve their property rights by patenting such organisms. Then, make a counterargument as to why such organisms should not be patentable. Research the issue online to develop supporting facts andRead MoreShould We Change The Growing Trend Of Biased Scientific Research? Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause they can’t understand anything that the scientists say, often times people believe that any of the research actually affects them and are oblivious to how science directly affects their lives. Some people look more deeply into science and realize that several scientists differ in opinions which brings the question which one is more true? However it is hard for people to figure out which one is true? The real question becomes why do these scientists have such different opinions? Recently the mediaRead MoreA Career as a Political Scientist Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesI decided to do my research on is a Political Scientist. I chose this career because it’s something I would want to do for the rest of my life. Politics has a great role in American society. As a political scientist you make the peopleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s voices heard and help up hold the foundations of democracy; whether that is as an elected official, or as an analyst helping senators make key decisions on a bill about to pass in their state, Political scientists make a difference. History The beginning of westernRead MoreI m Planning On Pursuing A Course1405 Words   |  6 Pagesof physician-scientists. The path to becoming a physician-scientist is daunting and long, which could take up to 15 years. Aside from having both medical and research training, successfully physician-scientist should also be a problem solver, a critical thinker, resilient, a hard worker and good writer. Writing skills are very important in this field because physician-scientists have to write proposals and manuscripts. Upon successful completion of their training, physician-scientists usually workRead More‚Äà ºthe historians task is to understand the past; the human scientist, by contrast, is looking to change the future.‚Äà ¹ To what extent is this true in these areas on knowledge?1011 Words   |  5 Pagesthe past; the human scientist, by contrast, is looking to change the future.† To what extent is this true in these areas on knowledge? Life is too short for any individual to make every mistake. We use history to learn where we come from and what the caused events of the past to happen. There must be a strong in depth understanding of what causes events such as the renaissance all the way to World War Two. Creating a strong understanding of the past helps form a guide to make the future better.Read MoreGenetic Alterations Should Be Accepted By Society977 Words   |  4 PagesMedical research and discoveries have rapidly expanded in the past decade due to the advancement of technology. Genetic alterations are just one of the many discoveries made by scientists in 1973. Some people argue that genetic engineering is wrong and shouldn’t be legal, but some people think that this is a good idea and should be practiced. Genetic alterations should be accepted by society because they enhance characteristics, prevent diseases from spreading, and can give people things they neverRead MoreWhy Should Parents Decide If R etention Is Right For Your Child?977 Words   |  4 Pagesdecide if retention is right for your child? To answer these questions scientists would need to examine a number of things pertaining to retaining a struggling child and if it would help them succeed academically. Scientists would have to consider the reasons for retention and if the pros outweighs the cons. For most students struggling to keep up parents is wondering whether or not to retain their kindergarteners. Scientist would need to determine why is it that children are struggling to keepRead MoreThe Mystery of Being a Forensic Scientist654 Words   |  3 Pagesmurder, trying to figure out what happened to a dead body, or what went wrong on a cases intriguing, being a forensic scientist is the perfect career choice. The main thing that a forensic scientist does is trying to figure out how, who, what, where and why in a murder case. There are many types of scientists in forensics, like forensic anthropologist, criminal profiler, forensic engineer, forensic pathologist, forensic nurses, and forensic photographer. A forensic scientist has general studies in science

Global Market Liberalisation Globalization - 1117 Words

Global Market Liberalization The word globalization can be defined in many ways. It involves a change in economic status, political status, economy, and international intervening, including trade. Global trade has been on the increase and has expanded over time. Trade helps in decreasing poverty levels and providing others with what they need. The growth of world trade has averaged 6 percent per year, over the past 20 years. That is twice as fast as the output in the world. The definition of globalization includes the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Transportation and telecommunications are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities. The benefits of global market liberalization in recent country decades has not achieved economic success, this is in terms of living standards for its people, without being involved and open with the rest of the world. Gain is to be had by eliminating remaining trade barriers. By eliminating all barriers to merchandise the potential gain range is $250 Billion to $680 billion a year. The globalization of liberalization is one of the most important developments, including the spread of liberal economic ideas and policies throughout the world. Political policy models do no adequately capture influences on the choice of policies. Policy transitions are influenced by internationalShow MoreRelatedHigh Fat Diets And Western Eating Habits1714 Words   |  7 PagesFigure 2. Trends over time in average global body mass index and global mean difference in GDP per capita (a) and KOF economic globalization index (b) for 127 countires 1980-2008 (Vogli et al. 2014). Additionally, these trends suggest a historical anomaly that has occurred over the last three decades. High fat diets and western eating habits were restricted to rich industrialised nations with higher Gross National Product levels (GNP). The consumption of animal products high in fat and proteinRead MorePositive And Negative Outcomes Of Economic Globalization1635 Words   |  7 PagesIn this article, I review the literature on the positive and negative outcomes of economic globalization, and the impact on developed and developing nations. The findings indicate a strong trend in the belief that developed countries dominate in the world of international trade, as there resources ensure a competitive advantage over poorer undeveloped nations. In addition, it can be concluded that the great benefits of free trade, defined broadly as â€Å"free movement of goods, services, and capitalRead MoreThe Big Bang Significance Of Globalization Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica and into As ia (Osland, 2003). Our present, highly internationalised economy is not unprecedented—â€Å"it is not an act of god, like a virus or a volcano, but the result of economic actions taken by human beings and thus responsive to human control† (Global Squeeze Ref); it is the state of the international economy that has accelerated since modern industrial technology (Hirst Thompson, 2003). It is the great story of our era (Curtis, 2008): It is both a fact and a process – the ongoing shrinking ofRead MoreGlobalization And The Global World1669 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is something that we see happening all around us. When we walk down the street it is impossible not to have an advertisement for major corporations like Nike, McDonalds, or Coca Cola flashing in front of your face. Everywhere our head turns, commercialism is there. It is unavoidable. The world around us is constantly developing, and that development begins with us. As the world keeps evolving, globalization is considered inevitable. As humans, we naturally strive for success, seekingRead MoreGlobalization and Trade Liberalization708 Words   |  3 Pageswave of globalization started in the 1980s; where the world now stands at the start of a third wave of globalisation. The world increasingly connected from the first wave and second waves there is advances in technology especially in information and telecommunication technology (symboli zed by the internet), and the falling transports and communication cost . The third wave of globalization starts to rise again after the decline of the communist system and the victory of democracy, free market and economicRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Globalization on South Africa Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesand protectionism, which have negative defining characteristics. Globalisation goes back as far as the era before the First World War. During that time globalisation’s general tendencies produced a very uneven pattern of global economic development, exposing the limits of global economic integration. For example, the integration of the African economy into the capitalist economy is part of the globalising tendencies of capitalism. Read MoreRecent Decades Have Witnessed an Acceleration of Economic Globalisation, in Particular International Trade. Is Trade Openness the Key Strategy to Achieve Economic Development? What Lessons Could You Draw for Policy Making?3265 Words   |  14 Pagesinto the core aspect of the essay, it’s essential to consider the underlying reason towards trade liberalisation in international trade; globalisation and also provide a definition of trade openness. Globalisation can be considered as an important rhetoric of contemporary international relations. The term globalisation is often invoked to describe the process of increasing interdependence and global enmeshment through a variety of economic, cultural, social and, political changes that have shapedRead MoreAnalysis of Strategic Position1430 Words   |  6 PagesDeregulation and liberalisation of the airline industry ââ€" ª Environmental regulations and protection Political: ââ€" ª Liberalisation of international trade ââ€" ª International trade regulations and restrictions ââ€" ª EU expansion(needs for infrastructure and information technologies) Economic factor ââ€" ª Economic integration ââ€" ª Globalisation Economic growth ââ€" ª Stage of the business cycle ââ€" ª Consumer confidence Sociocultural factors ââ€" ª Lifestyle Changes – global consumer Read MoreGlobalisation and Its Impact5240 Words   |  21 PagesPCMA Journal of Business SAMPLE ARTICLE Globalization and Its Impact on Small Scale Industries in India Vol. 1, No. 2 (June, 2009) pp. 135-146 ISSN 0974-9977 Sonia, Research Fellow, Department of Commerce, Punjabi University, Patiala(Punjab). Dr. Rajeev Kansal, Reader, Department of Commerce, Punjabi University, Patiala(Punjab). ABSTRACT Globalization refers to the process of integration of the world into one huge market. It provides several things to several people with removal of all trade barriersRead MoreAnglo American Corporate Social Responsibility1501 Words   |  7 Pagesthe notion of Anglo-American corporate social responsibility (CSR) has rapidly expanded. This essay will review the important concept around Anglo-American CSR, its development and provide a verdict on the extent whether liberalisation, globalisation, and developments in the markets for debts and equity are impacting the tradition view of an Anglo-American public corporation and the nature of its social responsibility. 2. Tradition view of Anglo-Saxon corporate and CSR According to the research from

Behaviorism and tantrums free essay sample

Behaviorism and tantrums Jess’s story is an example of operant conditioning, because most of his behaviors are voluntary. Jess had already learned how to get candies and other sweets from his dad at the grocery. This is also an example of positive reinforcement, because Jess is getting something he loves when he misbehaves and throws tantrums, which eventually increases Jesss negative behavior in the future. Bills behavior can be defined as negative reinforcement, since he is giving donuts to Jess in order to get his shopping done without his son throwing tantrums. If Bill doesnt stop dealing with Jesss behaviors, he will not be able to control his son in the future and the problems will only increase in the future. If I was Bill, I would try these three things: 1. I would make some rules for Jess at the grocery store. Jess might seem too young to understand the meaning of rules, but it will be important to explain to Jess in easy and simple ways what the rules are, and why he should follow them. We will write a custom essay sample on Behaviorism and tantrums or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. I would use donuts or candy bars as rewards. If Jess can follow the rules at the grocery store, then I will give him a prize. Jess might throw a temper tantrum as soon as he enters the grocery store, but Bill has to be strong and follow through whatever the rules are. 3. I would use negative consequences, like taking away the privilege of going to shopping with Bill if Jess’s behaviors continue. Jess might scream and cry, but Bill should ignore him until Jess stops. Once he stops, Bill should explain to his son why his behavior is not working. Bill can even make behavior chart and reward Jess when he has good behaviors, and ultimately give Jess a goal to reach. This will teaches Jess the right ways to get attention. References Berger, K. (2011). The Developing Person, Through the Life Span (8th ed. ). New York:Â   Worth

The Pros and Cons of Cyber Communication Essay Example

The Pros and Cons of Cyber Communication Essay Cyber Communication: Progress or Problem? By Chevanie Bailey ©2011 Cyber communication can be defined as the interaction between individuals via the internet or over the World Wide Web. According to the Little Oxford dictionary the word â€Å"progress† is defined as ‘improving or developing’, the word â€Å"problem† is defined by the same source as, ‘something that is difficult to deal with or to understand’. Interaction by way of cyber communication has many advantages but also, many disadvantages. Cyberspace, throughout the past few years, has been home to many child molesters, child stalkers, kidnappers, and rapists, who are able to reach into the lives of innocents through chat lines and other communication sites, lure them from their homes and molest, kill or kidnap them. According to the U. S. A’s National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, â€Å"one in seven youths (10-17yrs) have received a sexual solicitation or approach over the internet and thirty- four percent (34%) had unwanted encounter to sexual materials, introduced to them by the pedifiles. As cyber communication becomes more widespread, the use of e-mail, text messaging, instant messaging and the number of social networking sites such as Facebook, Tagged, Hi5, and MySpace, proliferates, resulting in another problem- the loss of jobs. As these forms of cyber communication are used more often, the need to send letters through postal services will be reduced. This poses a problem for postal workers as there will not be enough revenue entering the organization and as such there will be a lack of funds to pay workers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros and Cons of Cyber Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros and Cons of Cyber Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros and Cons of Cyber Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition, university or college lecturers are also affected by this, as the use of ‘skpe’ or ’webcams’ becomes more popular. This form of cyber communication allows both parties regardless of their location to see and hear each other, as if interacting ‘person to person’, thus one individual is able to do the job of one thousand. Another problem associated with cyber communication is ‘cyber bullying’- this is where one child is targeted by another child or children using interactive technologies such as, e-mail, or bashing websites, where children can vote for the ugliest, fattest or stupidest child. This is a prevalent problem in society and according to The Stop cyber Bullying Organisation, â€Å"one in every four children has been or still is a victim of cyber bullying. The ‘cyber bullies’ may break into the child’s email account, change their passwords, bars them from their account and create havoc by sending insulting, threatening, or otherwise offensive messages to other persons, while posing as that child. Despite all these negatives or disadvantages of communicating by cyberspace, there are positives which one may argue , ‘outweigh’ the negatives. Using cyber communication is quicker and is more efficient. Sending an e-mail is a lot like sending a letter, but, with an e-mail, however, there is no sorting of mail in the post office or waiting weeks for it to arrive, it is almost instant, arriving within seconds. In addition, the ability to communicate with someone, anywhere in the world, at any time, is also another progressive move for cyber communication. Psychologists are trying to explain the patterns in the mental processes that can occur during communication that takes place in cyber space, which causes people to be more honest and open- they have called it â€Å"The Disinhibition effect†. The poet, Oscar Wilde, once said, ‘’Man is least himself when he talks in his own person, but, give him a mask and he’ll tell you the truth. † Though this statement can be easily opposed, in cyber space it can be proven to be true, as being anonymous gives people the freedom to be themselves. The question still remains, â€Å"Is cyber communication progressive or problematic? ’’ On one hand, cyber communication has made communication around the countries, continent and the world quicker, and as a result, has compacted the world into a small community. But, on the other hand, this type of ‘quick’ and ‘efficient’ communication is causing people to lose their jobs, to be targeted by unscrupulous individuals with sexual offers and threatening messages. It seems clear to me that cyber communication is more problematic than it has been progressive. Thank you

The Period of Slavery in the Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs

The Period of Slavery in the Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs There is plenty that can be said about the issues that were concerned with slavery, but the truth remains a bitter pill to swallow. The book shows the struggles that slaves underwent during the period of slavery. This was more so for the women who were involved and worked as slaves. The workers endured difficult times during slavery due to the stigma that was in the air, regarding what was considered the lower castes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Period of Slavery in the â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† by Harriet Jacobs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book shows that there was a lot of ignorance in the course of the period of slavery. This may be described better in many situations in the book. Most of the situations that were depicted showed one such situation was when one character in the book lent out money in the range of three hundred dollars to her owner. It was well known that s laves had no right to any property and thus the money did not count as hers. The money was lent out on the basis of pure honor (Jacobs 13). The borrower had no obligation to pay back the money. The sexual abuse and assault that the slave women endured under the hands of their masters was another degradation that they knew they would do nothing about. This was due to the fact that they were wholly owned by their masters, and had nowhere to go when such incidences as rape occurred. The masters were well aware of the situation that the slaves were in and they took full advantage of the situation. They were also aware that the salves were ignorant and they could take advantage of their weaknesses. The book states that the author had to befriend a neighbor in order to try and protect herself from her owner who decided to seduce and threaten her, rather than rape her, although he would have done so eventually. The fact that she did what she was avoiding to do with her neighbor describes t he levels of desperation that the slaves experienced, and it goes to show that they were ready to go to great extents in order to ensure that they were not violated. Hiding in the attic for around seven years and only seeing her children through a peep hole in the wall, in order to avoid meeting her master who intended to make her his lover ,is quite enough proof that the slaves would stretch their imaginations just to get a sense of freedom.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was a really trying time for the slaves as they were bound by laws that forced them to stay in the places that they had been sold. These laws stated that an owner could do whatever they pleased with the slaves that he or she had bought or paid money for from a trader. The twists and tales of the script speak volumes about the lives that the slaves underwent. The main character endeavors to br ing her family sired by the neighbor together. Her children are torn apart and they are forced to live in different places although at some point they keep getting back together. This depicts a true sense of commitment that the slaves had towards their families. It is a natural instinct that is in-built in people that is exuded in situations that seem or appear to be tearing them apart. Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the life of a slave girl, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1861. Print.

Ancestry of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Ancestry of Martin Luther King, Jr. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on 15 January 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia to a long line of preachers. His father, Martin Luther King, Sr. was a pastor for the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. His maternal grandfather, the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams, was famous for his fiery sermons. His great-grandfather, Willis Williams, was a slave-era preacher. Family Tree of Martin Luther King Jr. This family tree uses the Ahnentafel Genealogical Numbering System. First Generation: 1. Martin Luther King Jr. was born Michael L. King on 15 January 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, and was assassinated on 4 April 1968 during a visit to Memphis, Tennessee. In 1934, his father perhaps inspired by a visit to the birthplace of Protestantism in Germany is said to have changed his name and that of his son to Martin Luther King. Martin Luther King Jr. married Coretta Scott King (27 April 1927 - 1 January 2006) on 18 June 1953 on the lawn of her parents home in Marion, Alabama. The couple had four children: Yolanda Denise King (b. 17 November 1955), Martin Luther King III (b. 23 October 1957), Dexter Scott King (b. 30 January 1961) and Bernice Albertine King (b. 28 March 1963). Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was laid to rest in the historically black South-View Cemetery in Atlanta, but his remains were later moved to a tomb located on the grounds of the King Center, adjacent to Ebenezer Baptist Church. Second Generation (Parents): 2. Michael KING, often called Daddy King was born on 19 Dec 1899 in Stockbridge, Henry County, Georgia and died of a heart attack on 11 November 1984 in Atlanta, Georgia. He is buried with his wife at South-View Cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia. 3. Alberta Christine WILLIAMS was born on 13 September 1903 in Atlanta, Georgia. She was shot to death on 30 June 1974 while she played the organ at Sunday service at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia, and is buried with her husband in South-View Cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther KING Sr. and Alberta Christine WILLIAMS were married on 25 November 1926 in Atlanta, Georgia, and had the following children: i. Willie Christine KING was born 11 September 1927 and married Isaac FARRIS, Sr.1 ii. Martin Luther KING, Jr.iii. Alfred Daniel Williams KING was born 30 July 1930, married Naomi BARBER, and died 21 July 1969. The Rev. A. D. King is buried in South-View Cemetery, Atlanta, Georgia. Third Generation (Grandparents): 4. James Albert KING was born about December 1864 in Ohio. He died on 17 November 1933 in Atlanta, Georgia, four years after the birth of his grandson, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 5. Delia LINSEY was born about July 1875 in Henry County, Georgia, and died 27 May 1924. James Albert KING and Delia LINSEY were married 20 August 1895 in Stockbridge, Henry County, Georgia and had the following children: i. Woodie KING born abt. April 18962. ii. Michael KINGiii. Lucius KING was born abt. Sept. 1899 and died before 1910.iv. Lenora KING was born abt. 1902v.Cleo KING was born abt. 1905vi. Lucila KING was born abt. 1906vii. James KING Jr was born abt. 1908viii. Rubie KING was born abt. 1909 6. Rev. Adam Daniel WILLIAMS was born on the 2 January 1863 in Penfield, Greene County, Georgia to slaves Willis and Lucretia Williams. and died 21 March 1931. 7. Jenny Celeste PARKS was born about April 1873 in Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia and died of a heart attack on 18 May 1941 in Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia. Adam Daniel WILLIAMS and Jenny Celeste PARKS were married on 29 October 1899 in Fulton County, Georgia, and had the following children: 3. i. Alberta Christine WILLIAMS

Social Media Network Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Social Media Network Technology - Essay Example As the paper discusses  the positive impacts of social media network technology in education are intense. Use of the technology as the teaching technique enables teachers to increase students’ participation in their education. Advancement in technological proficiency enhances collaboration among students in the classroom. Additionally, network technology enhances the development of students’ communication skills. Use of social media program also enables students to complete extra assignments, and as a result, improve their performance significantly. Use of social media in classrooms increases student collaboration.This study highlights that use of social networking also improves communication among teachers, administrators, and students. â€Å"As an educational tool, social media enriches the learning experience by allowing students and teachers to connect and interact in new, exciting ways†. In support of this, it is evident that students who rarely participat e physically in class feel comfortable airing their views on social networking platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. In other words, the platforms enable teachers to develop â€Å"back channels† that raise discussion as well as ideas that shy students find difficult to voice out. Use of social media can be distractive in the classroom. Tools such as Facebook and Twitter can divert students’ attention from classwork and the learning process. Thus, incorporation of social media into classroom will make students go off.

The potential benefits for supply chain management by utilizing AHP Dissertation

The potential benefits for supply chain management by utilizing AHP for supplier selection - Dissertation Example 1993). Under such circumstances, the purchasing department plays an important role in cost reduction, of which supplier selection is an important part. To illustrate, an issue has been brought up in the case study. Leading companies need to maintain their position in market; however, cost of production constitutes the problem of company expanding or technology innovation. Supplier selection is a multi-criteria problem which includes both quantitative and qualitative factors. (Ghodsypour, S. H.,1996). The companies that still continue with the traditional method of supplier selection may lose competitiveness. Acknowledgement First and foremost, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Louis Knight, a respectable, responsible and resourceful scholar, who has provided me with valuable guidance in every stage of the writing of this thesis. Without her enlightening instruction, impressive kindness and patience, I could not have completed my thesis. I shall extend my thanks to Felix, Li for all his kindness and help. I would also like to thank all my teachers who have helped me to develop the fundamental and essential academic competence. My sincere appreciation also goes to Mary, Liu, for doing the English typographic and corrections. Dr. Louis Knight, Aston University, Engineering and Applied Science. L.KNIGHT2@aston.ac.uk Felix Li, University of Warwick, Statistics department. felixli@hotmail.ac.uk Mary Liu, Olympia Education Service LTD. lyqlyq1688@hotmail.com Contents Abstract 3 Acknowledgement 4 Table of Figures 7 Photo credit: 7 List of Tables 8 Chapter 1: Introduction 9 1.1 Introduction 9 1.2 Background 3 Chapter 2:Literature review 4 2.1 Supplier selection in SCM 4 2.1.1 Benefits of supply chain management 4 2.1.2 Responsibilities of the purchasing department 5 2.1.3 Supplier selection: Criteria affect choosing suppliers in supply chain management 8 2.1.4 Supplier performance of Tsingtao Company 10 2.2 Analytical Hierarchal Process 11 2.2.1 Analytic Hierarchy Process - Concept 11 2.2.2 AHP in supplier selection 12 Chapter 3:Methodology 13 3.1 Research objective 13 3.2 Research design 13 3.3 Data collection 13 3.4 Research method 17 3.4.1 Case study (why & how) 17 3.4.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 19 Chapter 4:Findings 21 4.1Characteristics of purchasing supply chain in beer industry 21 4.2 Supplier selection using AHP analysis 27 4.2.1 Building the supplier evaluation criteria system 27 4.2.2 Building judgment matrix 27 4.2.3 Defining first-level criteria weights 28 1.Calculating maximum eigenvalue of the judging matrix 29 2.B is the judgment matrix B= (b) nn 29 3.Calculate consistency test 29 4.From the table of average and random consistency criteria, it can find the necessary average and random consistency criteria RI. 29 Chapter 5:Main Findings and discussion 33 5.1 Findings 33 5.2 Discussion 35 5.2.1 35 5.2.2 Sensitivity analysis 35 Chapter 6:Conclusion 36 36 Reference 37 Appendixes 42 Table of Figures Figure 1: Current method of supplier selection 15 Figure 2: Agenda of having suppliers 16 Figure 3: Definition of terms 16 Figure 4: Criteria for supplier elevation 27 Photo credit: Cover page: http://thenextwavefutures.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/shipping_containers.jpg List of Tables Table 1: Supplier evaluation

Sunflowers by Vincent Essay Example for Free

Sunflowers by Vincent Essay Van Goghs Sunflowers are among his most famous paintings, but few realize that many sunflower pictures, not only the most famous Vase with Twelve Sunflowers and Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers. These were canvases he decorate the Yellow House in Arles in anticipation of the visit of his friend Paul Gauguin, and hope that others will follow him and form a utopianArt community. Some of the paintings of Vincents sunflower seeds are all but indistinguishable, with only minor differences in playback show is different. During his stay in Paris, he cut the sunflowers in various stages of Green be dry to dry. It seems to put his passion for sunflower seeds with him from his home in Holland, where he walked, and even make the kind of dramatic subjects, whom he loved. In the world today is the sunflowersynonymous with the work of Vincent, instantly recognizable and just as much right as the water lilies, Monet belongs. Vincent Sunflowers No. 2, the most famous still life sunflower, yellow to yellow, has the same universal appeal and impact of all his favorite images. So common is the appointment of a sunflower in fact, that in 1987 a Japanese company paid a record equivalent to almost $ 40 million for Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers at an auction. Van Goghs sunflowers are thrown many screens around the world to witness his mastery, residing in Europe, London and Tokyo, to name a few galleries now. During his stay in Paris, Vincent familiar with some of the greatest painters of the impressionist period. The artists all had a great influence on each other, even Van Gogh and the other was identified as a powerful genius of Les Vingt, Monet and Toulouse-Lautrec. You can easily see Sunflowers, Paris, where Vincent painted later in the yellow house in Arles, because they are cut flowers without a vase. This cut sunflowers are shown in various stages of drying, but the final color palette of Vincent bright and bold, is indicated at this point in his artistic journey through the images of life and joy. The influence of the master of Western art and artists can not be overstated. His work bridge impressionism, expressionism, cubism, and more with a singleLanguage understood by all lovers of beauty and truth. The huge popularity of a vase of sunflowers is the test its strength and sincerity. Although Vincent was suffering from a serious mental imbalance and eventually took his life that left a corpus of more than 2,000 screens in about a decade, depicted as a living heritage. Whether you are his descriptions of fields of wheat and stars swirling life, tender and thoughtful portraits of peasants, whom he loved or flowers in a vibrantsimple vase, all his works with his own stylistic stamp. was able to comfort regarded as an excellent form of communication of the Spirit, his work on his wildest dreams and console humanity through art. It is through his paintings, its not too novel, the troubled life, which as a prophet poet, artist and teacher, was to be evaluated. The analysis of the Sunflowers – Vincent van Gogh

osmosis :: essays research papers

The following is a short sample from this piece of coursework: ... els of sucrose solution to distilled water (see molarity table above) and I placed each of the mixtures into the correct beakers. 5. Then I weighed all the potato chips on an electronic balance (see results) and recorded the results. 6. I placed 5 pieces of potato into each beaker and left them for approx 36 hrs. 7. After this time I drained out the solutions from the beakers and I carefully placed them in order of molarity on a paper towel. 8. I dried the potato chips gently and then weighed each potato piece and recorded the results. 9. As I had extra time I made a second experiment and also recorded those Results: Molarity (M) Starting Weight (g) (Results 1) Final Weight (g) (Results 1) Percentage Change (%) (Results 1) Start Weight (g) (Results 2) Final Weight (g) (Results 2) Percentage Change (%) (Results 2) These values clearly support my prediction, and even though there are some anomalous results, there is an overall negative trend across the whole set of results, proving them accurate. Analysis of Results: The sucrose concentration of the solution into which the potato tissue is placed affects to what degree it grows or shrinks. As you can see from the graph the results show a clear negative correlation, a very obvious inversely proportional trend. From this a conclusion can be drawn. When the water concentration is high, the potato gains water, as seen by the 0.0 molarity solution. When the water concentration is low, the potato loses weight and therefore decreases in mass, as seen in the 1.0 concentration solution. This proves my hypothesis correct. The results were quite widely ranged, as seen on the graph, wit ...... Aim: To see how concentration affects osmosis on a potato. Plan: I will first make a prediction using the knowledge I have on osmosis and I will then carry out the investigation to prove whether concentration affects osmosis in a potato. Using my results I will then try to find a pattern and prove my prediction to be correct or incorrect. After I have done that I will try and find ways in which I could improve the experiment and extend the investigation. Method: First we will cut out 18 pieces of potato ¡Ã‚ ¦s from the same potato using a borer so that we have all the potato strips at the same length and same mass. osmosis :: essays research papers The following is a short sample from this piece of coursework: ... els of sucrose solution to distilled water (see molarity table above) and I placed each of the mixtures into the correct beakers. 5. Then I weighed all the potato chips on an electronic balance (see results) and recorded the results. 6. I placed 5 pieces of potato into each beaker and left them for approx 36 hrs. 7. After this time I drained out the solutions from the beakers and I carefully placed them in order of molarity on a paper towel. 8. I dried the potato chips gently and then weighed each potato piece and recorded the results. 9. As I had extra time I made a second experiment and also recorded those Results: Molarity (M) Starting Weight (g) (Results 1) Final Weight (g) (Results 1) Percentage Change (%) (Results 1) Start Weight (g) (Results 2) Final Weight (g) (Results 2) Percentage Change (%) (Results 2) These values clearly support my prediction, and even though there are some anomalous results, there is an overall negative trend across the whole set of results, proving them accurate. Analysis of Results: The sucrose concentration of the solution into which the potato tissue is placed affects to what degree it grows or shrinks. As you can see from the graph the results show a clear negative correlation, a very obvious inversely proportional trend. From this a conclusion can be drawn. When the water concentration is high, the potato gains water, as seen by the 0.0 molarity solution. When the water concentration is low, the potato loses weight and therefore decreases in mass, as seen in the 1.0 concentration solution. This proves my hypothesis correct. The results were quite widely ranged, as seen on the graph, wit ...... Aim: To see how concentration affects osmosis on a potato. Plan: I will first make a prediction using the knowledge I have on osmosis and I will then carry out the investigation to prove whether concentration affects osmosis in a potato. Using my results I will then try to find a pattern and prove my prediction to be correct or incorrect. After I have done that I will try and find ways in which I could improve the experiment and extend the investigation. Method: First we will cut out 18 pieces of potato ¡Ã‚ ¦s from the same potato using a borer so that we have all the potato strips at the same length and same mass.

Motivating your employees Essay

Being in the military, but more importantly being a leader for 10 out of my 12 years of military experience, I understand the importance of motivating â€Å"employees†. Most leaders understand that motivating employees not only improves their way of life, but also increases productivity, and in the long run, benefits the company. Motivating employees is not necessarily a difficult task; however, most leaders neglect the techniques discussed in Mr. Weiss’ article due to their personal beliefs. I fully agree with Mr. Weiss’ article on building morale, motivating and empowering employees. His methods are especially helpful and used quite often in the military world although they are titled a bit differently. Personally, I have used the methods Mr. Weiss describes in his article for as long as I have been a leader. As a leader, my philosophy has always been that in order to be a successful leader, you have to lead by example. I feel that Mr. Weiss expresses this point of view in his major means of motivating identification. As stated in the article, identification is â€Å"when a person adopts a behavior associated with others†. In the military, that is called leading by example. As a leader, you should want your employees to adopt your behavior. I do not believe that people come into a job wanting to make mistakes. Therefore, the tendency of an employee is to do as his or her leader would do. Therefore, as a leader, leading by example is detrimental to your gaining the confidence and respect of your employees. You must set the standards and enforce them. Yet another idea Mr. Weiss mentions is to â€Å"avoid favoritism†. I believe that you must treat all people equally. Whether they are abiding by, or violating the standards you have set, you must reward them or reprimand them equally. That is not to say that the rewards and or reprimands should be the same for every infraction. I simply believe that you must be fair and impartial when giving rewards or punishments regardless of how long you may have known an employee, or what the employee’s position is in the company. The military is famous (or infamous) for their use of acronyms. In the military we use acronyms for just about anything you can imagine. So, in keeping true to military form, I created my own acronym to remind myself of  the methods required in motivating my â€Å"employees†. This acronyms helps me remember that in order to be a leader, you must â€Å"Be, Know, and Do†. Be responsible for yourself and your subordinates; Know your subordinates and look out for their well being; Do as you want your employees to do. The acronym I use is â€Å"BASICS†, because in leadership, you should always â€Å"stick to the â€Å"basics†Ã¢â‚¬ . B – Be a leader. When in charge take charge PERIOD. A – Account for your actions and those of your subordinates. Know what you and your subordinates are doing or have done at all times. S – Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions. If a mistake is made, do not try to pawn off the results of your decisions or actions as someone else’s fault. Take ownership of the situation, good or bad. I – Inform your subordinates. Try to talk to them everyday. Employees want to know what’s going on–knowledge is power. This way, you can ensure they fully understand what is required of them, solicit feedback, and provide encouragement if needed. Also, if an issue arises during the feedback always look into it immediately and get back with the employee. C – Consistency is essential. Employees will work harder if they know what to expect from the leader. As a leader you must provide purpose, direction, and motivation. Ensure your employees know what they have to do, when they have to do it, and that you are going to support their actions consistently. S – Sensitive leadership inspires success. You have to truly know your employees, and show a genuine concern for them, not only for their needs, but their families as well. I have always believed, â€Å"employees don’t care how much you know, until they know how much you care†. In conclusion, I believe that Mr. Weiss has an outstanding motivation improvement program. His motivational methods could offer tremendous results  for companies who are having difficulty keeping their employees motivated. The bottom line is, in order to be a good leader you have to listen to the needs of your subordinates. A leader must â€Å"Be, Know, and Do†. Be responsible for yourself and your subordinates; Know your subordinates and look out for their well being; Do as you want your employees to do. And last but not least, always â€Å"stick to the â€Å"BASICS†Ã¢â‚¬ .

Abercrombie & Fitch Guys Stripped in Singapore Essay

Concept Branding: How A&F used branding in the new market- Singapore. Brands convey the information to customers and then induce loyalty. Good brands create distinct brand personalities and trigger emotional associations that help the customers connect with brands. This article will analyze A&F’s branding strategies Summary Abercrombie & Fitch, the brand that is well loved for its American-style, cool, casual and trendy clothing, is now aggressively expanding into Asia. Before its grand opening in Singapore, 40 muscular half-naked men stood outside the still unopened store. The alluring smiles and eyes, free hugs, and photo shoot caused a stirring riot. In addition, A&F launched the giant four-floor advertisement at a traffic-heavy shopping area, the muscular topless man wearing extremely low-slung jeans caught people’s eyes in Singapore. See more: Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essay It is not the first time A&F has done a marketing campaign like this. It has been a standard practice for all its flagship stores in recent years. However, these â€Å"hot guy† strategies exploded in Singapore. The Advertising Standards Authority of Singapore claimed that the ad is in contradiction of its â€Å"code of decency†, and the giant ad, which is charged as â€Å"lewd and inappropriate†, was ordered to be removed. News of the ad’s possible suspension provoked Singaporean to comment furiously. People were discussing the topics like: â€Å"Is A&F too sexy for Singapore?† â€Å"Is this ad too indecent for Orchard Road?† Eventually, since many Singaporeans supported A&F, the billboard is now safe and sound on Orchard Road. Analyze A&F is good at marketing campaigns and possesses a strong brand personality: sexy and young. A&F did the campaign like it usually does, but the promotions in Singapore had great success since it occurred different contexts and conflicts of culture. A&F triggered people’s emotion and created the special experiences that helped the company to connect to its customers. The Singaporeans who had joined the campaign were excited to share the photos and comment on social media. Those actions induced more and more people to respond and be attracted by A&F. Otherwise, the controversy of the campaign in Singapore is an opportunity for the Singaporeans who are unfamiliar with A&F to know the brand, and it provokes a desire to walk in the stores to satisfy their curiosity. However, there are so many disparities in the clothing preferences between Asian and American: physical shapes, sizes, styles and cultures. Indeed, A&F did an excellent job on catching Singaporeans’ eyes with its opening. But the question is, does masculine image really match the Asian market trend? I am concerned with how A&F maintains its sales for long term via the sexy image in the conservative market. Furthermore, the apparel competition is fierce in Singapore. Competitors for A&F included western brands which are ambitious with Asian market as well as Asian brands which are familiar with the market. Conclusion and Recommendation A&F cleverly built up its brand image and conveyed information through the controversy in Singapore. However, except for the opening campaigns, in order to enhance its brand loyalty, I suggest A&F do more events to focus on Asian customers. For example, use more Asian models on catalogues to show the customers that American style outfits are also fit and look good on Asian people’s body shape. Meanwhile, A&F should do more events to collaborate with celebrities or magazines to lead the new fashion trends in Asia. Last but not least, I suggest A&F conduct more marketing research to understand Asian purchase behaviors and fashion points. Thus, A&F can do some adjustments on the products to fit the Asian consumers’ needs. How â€Å"hot† could A&F be in Singapore? Well, definitely not only the topless hot guys, but also with the right marketing strategies.

Free Essays on Suffering In “Crime And Punishment“

Suffering The motif of suffering plays a large role in Fyodor Dostoyevky’s Crime and Punishment. The motif of the need of suffering is used throughout the novel to produce the book's theme: great suffering leads to salvation and the expiation of man's sins. In Crime and Punishment, several characters undergo much pain and personal anguish. Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov and Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladov are two characters in the novel that undergo suffering and inner turmoil. Both these characters suffer throughout the novel in many different fashions but the effects of their suffering are the same. Raskolnikov's suffering has a direct relationship with his guilt over his crime. It is also an indirect result of his dual personality and his obsession to prove his â€Å"Extraordinary Man† theory. He is represented as being either cold, intellectual and isolated from society, or as being warm and compassionate. In the novel, he is shown as warm and compassionate when he tries to help a prostitute being solicited by an older man and when he gives most of his money to the Marmeladovs, The murder of the pawnbroker, Alyona Ivanovna, is the result of his intellectual side's need to determine whether or not he fits his â€Å"Extraordinary Man† theory. The humane and compassionate side of his personality was forced to suffer because of the actions of his cold and isolated side. After committing the murder, Raskolnikov’s body turns on him, mentally and physically. He become very ill and his personality is not what it was before. His personality changing is show n when he tells his family and also Razumihin to stay away. Dostoyevsky writes, â€Å"The conviction that all his faculties, even memory, and the simplest power of reflection were failing him began to be an insufferable torture"(81). This personal anguish that Rodya has to suffer with is part of his theory because the theory requires the â€Å"extraordinary man† to suffer gr... Free Essays on Suffering In â€Å"Crime And Punishmentâ€Å" Free Essays on Suffering In â€Å"Crime And Punishmentâ€Å" Suffering The motif of suffering plays a large role in Fyodor Dostoyevky’s Crime and Punishment. The motif of the need of suffering is used throughout the novel to produce the book's theme: great suffering leads to salvation and the expiation of man's sins. In Crime and Punishment, several characters undergo much pain and personal anguish. Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov and Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladov are two characters in the novel that undergo suffering and inner turmoil. Both these characters suffer throughout the novel in many different fashions but the effects of their suffering are the same. Raskolnikov's suffering has a direct relationship with his guilt over his crime. It is also an indirect result of his dual personality and his obsession to prove his â€Å"Extraordinary Man† theory. He is represented as being either cold, intellectual and isolated from society, or as being warm and compassionate. In the novel, he is shown as warm and compassionate when he tries to help a prostitute being solicited by an older man and when he gives most of his money to the Marmeladovs, The murder of the pawnbroker, Alyona Ivanovna, is the result of his intellectual side's need to determine whether or not he fits his â€Å"Extraordinary Man† theory. The humane and compassionate side of his personality was forced to suffer because of the actions of his cold and isolated side. After committing the murder, Raskolnikov’s body turns on him, mentally and physically. He become very ill and his personality is not what it was before. His personality changing is show n when he tells his family and also Razumihin to stay away. Dostoyevsky writes, â€Å"The conviction that all his faculties, even memory, and the simplest power of reflection were failing him began to be an insufferable torture"(81). This personal anguish that Rodya has to suffer with is part of his theory because the theory requires the â€Å"extraordinary man† to suffer gr...

How To Prepare A Good Resume And CV

How To Prepare A Good Resume And CV How To Prepare A Good Resume And CV â€Å"If you call failures experiments, you can put them in your resume and claim them as achievements,† said professor Mason Cooley. His witty observation highlights this basic truth: the effective resume and CV writing requires careful thought and attention. The following tips can help produce a quality resume or CV. Know The Difference It is important to know the difference between a resume and a CV (curriculum vitae). While resumes are commonly required by companies from job applicants, certain positions require a CV. Both documents are a written summary of a person’s background, but there are three main differences between the two: length, content, and purpose. First, a resume is a brief summary of a person’s background, education and work history. It usually is one page in length, and at most two pages. A CV is more detailed and therefore longer. For a younger professional a CV may only be 2-3 pages. As he/she gains more experience, the CV may increase to 10 pages or more. Second, a resume and CV will differ in contents. A resume will usually be limited to education, work experience, and credentials. A CV may include these as well, but will also have teaching experience, awards, publications, presentations, and any other career-related achievements. Finally, the two documents serve different purposes. A resume is a concise summary of education and experience focused on presenting a person’s qualifications for a specific job. Because of this, resume editing is often necessary to tailor it to the particular job sought. A CV is a detailed overview of life accomplishments often focusing on academic history, experience and research. As such, CV writing is often required if a person seeks a position in higher education, research, or medicine. Additionally, if a person applies for an international position, a CV is most often required and not a resume. Include Needed Information Since these documents will form a prospective employer’s first impression, a person needs to include the proper information for each type. For a resume, this includes the following: name and contact information, education, and work experience. Arrange the information in each section chronologically. An applicant should also prepare a cover letter to send with the resume. It serves as a written record of what is sent, to whom it is sent, and who sent it. A CV is much more detailed. It should include personal information such as marital status, age, date of birth, number of children, personal interests, and a professional photo. It should then detail the candidate’s academic background, beginning with high school. A person should also include research experience, teaching positions, grants, honors, awards, fellowships, publications, presentations, scholarly or professional memberships, licenses, certificates, and all other related information. The details in each of these sections should also be arranged in chronological order. Prepare and Polish Finally, prepare the written products with careful CV and resume editing. Maintain uniformity in style, font, and formatting throughout the documents for an appealing finished product. A person should proof-read the writing thoroughly to insure proper spelling and grammar. Free online grammar editing tools are a great help in this task. Considering a resume and CVs importance, a person may consider employing the services of a company like for assistance. Contact us today at toll free at 800-573-0840 to see how we can help.

Apple_Inc_Week_3 Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple_Inc_Week_3 - Thesis Example Apple has a set of values that it has fostered in its culture and employees personalities through aggressive training. Some of these values include empathy for users, aggressiveness, achievement, positive social contribution, innovation/vision, individual performance, team spirit, quality/excellence, individual reward and good management. These values appears to be ideological and achievement driven, Apples training manual further reinforces these values. The training manual includes programs like Component Isolation, The Power Of Empathy, Using Diagnostic Services etc. All these trainings methodologies promote Apples values and persuade the employees to act compassionately, be customer-oriented and stay fearless about the feedback (Duerson, 2012; Biddle, 2012). Apples long standing slogan of Think Different pushes its practices, offering and employees to be different, emphasizing on inventive and innovative ways. When it comes to motivation, Apple has successfully managed to attract and retain potential talent with the help of its intrinsic motivational techniques. Apple provides remuneration that is slightly higher than the average market remuneration package. Its mainly competitive environment and opportunity to progress that motivates employees to perform well in their respective jobs. Apple mainly recruits employees with flair for innovation and challenge. These personality traits comply well with the organizational culture of Apple. Apple has a culture that fosters competitiveness, innovation, creativity and ownership. This culture is a resultant of Apples ideology introduced by its leadership. It has managed to devise a working environment that allows employees to operate more independently. Other than on-site jobs through which employees are assigned with goals aligned with their job description with complete ownership, off-site jobs facilitate ownership and

Climate change effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Climate change effects - Essay Example P.S. Two of the studies have been carried out and findings under such are communicated this is done to give deep insight in to the relationship of ocean and atmosphere and how such interactions affectsin light of the questions given below Ocean circulation often called oceanography is a system of movement of the surface water between the oceans, caused by the wind, temperature or the salinity. (Science Dictionary) An ocean covers almost more than two thirds of our clear blue planet. The waters move in the global circulation system, driven by a subtle density difference and transporting then huge amounts of heat. The ocean circulation is therefore an active and highly non-linear player in this global climate game. Increasingly there is the clear evidence implicates that ocean circulation in abrupt and the dramatic climate shifts, such as uncertain temperature changes in Greenland on the order of the 5–10  °C and massive surges of the icebergs into North Atlantic Ocean — events that have occurred more often during the last glacial cycle. Oceans and our atmosphere constantly interact with one another, especially in transferring the energy; for instance, evaporation from warmer oceans removes the latent heat from atmosphere as it introduces water vapor, and the condensation of this vapor at height releases latent heat. Additionally, the surface winds drive the oceanic currents, moving warmer water pole-wards and cold water equator-wards. Since conditions in atmosphere changes much more rapidly than in oceanic, the atmosphere and oceans change continuously, in response to one another. Ocean-atmosphere oscillations are the ocean-atmosphere interaction responses which switch suddenly from one of the phases to another. Currently, the five major ocean atmosphere oscillations have been recognized: the Pacific Decadal, the El Nià ±o-Southern, the North Atlantic, the Arctic, and the Antarctic Polar Wave. Each of such

Self Esteem of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties within a Essay

Self Esteem of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties within a Secondary School - Essay Example The examination explores theoretical and practical ideas about self esteem among dyslexic learners and makes conclusions based on data gathered through students self-assessment and standardized beginning and end assessment tests. The investigation demonstrates that there is a correlation between the Wave 3 Literacy Intervention Programme and the increase in self-esteem of special learners with dyslexia. After a 10-week programme, majority of the students obtained an average ratio of 3.1 which is the desired outcome for the project. The value of Wave 3 Literacy Intervention is thereby established, while looking forward to revisions by way of enriching the intervention programme, especially for special learners who have undergone the programme several times. Introduction â€Å"I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.† Maya Angelou. This quote, for me, sums up the important position t eachers have and the potential influence they have on their students. I may not be a Socrates, Confucius or Jesus, but I do feel I am a great teacher when I can touch hearts and will, in addition to imparting knowledge and skills to prepare a generation of learners for constructive contemporary living. In this present research activity, I become privileged to teach special learners suffering dyslexia. Soon enough, I face the reality that dyslexics find the school an unpredictable battleground in which they are unskilled to exist ( Scott 2004, p. 55). More particularly, Scott notes that ‘for the vast majority of dyslexic children and adults, school has been a place of psychological and often physical torture. Dyslexia is described as a learning disability in children which hinders their ability to read, write, spell and sometimes speak. Manifested to be either mild or severe in children, neurologists perceive that it is â€Å"never too late to improve their language skillsâ₠¬  (Medicine Net 2012, p.1). Many, although not all, of my specific learning difficulty students come to me burdened with self esteem issues, feeling that they have already failed too many times and fearful that they are about to fail again. While empathy fills me with their suffering, I do not see this condition to be insurmountable, given my awareness of modern approaches to student learning and maturation. At school, failure in literacy has huge knock-on effects for the whole academic curriculum and with all subjects. Failing to read and write is a very public failure (Scott, 2004). Any student with limited proficiency in English including specific disabilities related to literacy runs the risk of being left behind by his or her peers. This brief investigation into the effectiveness of Wave 3 interventions and their potential in raising the self esteem of students is borne not only out of my university studies but a genuine interest in dyslexic students, their need to be heard a nd how I can best serve them through my practice. It is obvious to me that a student’s self esteem has a direct impact on their learning. Educators define learning as â€Å"a long term change in mental representations or associations as a result of experience† (Omrod 2000, p. 10). As a school teacher I can provide that learning

Democracy Succeed In Pakistan Politics Essay

Democracy Succeed In Pakistan Politics Essay Democracy is a form of government in which people elect their representatives themselves and the representatives of the people form government and opposition. Counseling is the base of a democratic state. The state ensures equality and equity for all citizens irrespective of their caste, color, language and race. The government performs all duties, for the welfare of all the people and is accountable to people in the performance of obligations. The opinion of each citizen is respected and given due importance. Every citizen has a right to vote to his favorite candidate, to contest election, to join any party and form his own party. That it is why democracy is defined as Rule of the people, by the people, rule for the people (Lincoln, 1) Pakistan came into being as a result of a strong democratic movement under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam. The people of Pakistan, who faced all the problems and difficult circumstances, showed their determination for gaining freedom. They boldly faced the situation and gradually solved the problems. The Pakistani movement was based on Muslims` inalienable rights of independence and the real implementation of democracy was one of the objectives of establishment of Pakistan. It was thought to adopt the democratic structure and enforce democratic values. Quaid-e-Azam described the objective of establishment of Pakistan as Let us promote Democracy according to the Islamic principles. Unfortunately, it is a disheartening spectacle that within a period of 65 years, Pakistan has not proved itself a democratic state in its true sense. Instead of becoming a model of democracy as visualized by Quaid-e-Azam, Pakistan has become what may be best described as lame democracy (Shaikh, 1) Pakistan was governed by civil and military bureaucrats during its early years. The first democratic elections were held in December, 1970. In the constitution of 1973, a democratic parliamentary government was formed for the first time in the history of Pakistan. This first phase of democratic government continued till 1979. Second and third democratic phases were between 1988 to 1999 and 2007 to the present date respectively. In this way, Pakistan remained as a democratic state for only 24 years. Democratic traditions are not yet developed in Pakistan and during these 24 years, democracy proved itself nothing but a failure. Although implementation of democracy was one of the objectives of Pakistan however, democracy cannot succeed in Pakistan because its political leaders, bureaucrats and feudal landlords will never let democracy flourish. Moreover, basic democratic traditions of equality and freedom are not followed in Pakistan. The main responsibility for the failure of democracy lies with politicians. Firstly, they are not sincere with their jobs and are unfaithful to the state. Secondly, Pakistani political leaders are so incompetent that their policies keep failing. People vote a set of politicians with a hope that their elected representatives will act as their faithful leaders and will devote themselves wholeheartedly to the services of the mankind. But to people`s dismay, Pakistani politicians do not act as honest leaders rather they act as corrupt and disloyal politicians whom ambitions lie in filling their own pockets with public money. Political leaders are responsible for playing games with people for their own benefits. They have destroyed the purpose of creating an independent homeland of Pakistan by giving rise to favoritism and corruption. In Pakistani democratic system, the elected leaders do not regularly visit their constituencies as they are least bothered of public issues. In addition, mo st politicians contest elections on the basis of fake degrees. According to an official report, 106 politicians have been counted for contesting elections on the basis of fake degrees. (qtd. in culprits, 1) This clearly depicts dishonesty of political leaders. Confidence cannot be restored in the masses. Moreover, political leaders are incompetent and are unable to find out the solutions to the nations` problems. Political process keeps collapsing in Pakistan and policies of political parties keep changing and it is very hard for the politicians to reach unanimous stance for a particular policy. The policy of nationalization and posting of incompetent management halted democracy further. Ever since the creation of Pakistan, the same political parties have stayed in power. For example, Pakistan People`s Party came into power many times. People keep supporting the same party under the slogan of Roti, Kapra aur Makaan because of their affection for the founder of the party without even realizing the consequences of their support. Under these circumstances, democracy can never flourish in its true sense. Bureaucracy also imposes a serious threat to democracy. Practically the constitution of Pakistan is based upon the democratic principles. However, the proposals in the constitution could not be implemented because of the attitude of some people, who are not ready to leave the laws introduced by the British government. Bureaucracy has always remained powerful since the creation of Pakistan. It comprises the Central Superior Services and the Provincial Civil Services. (Piracha, 1) and the main cause which stimulated the culture of bureaucracy in Pakistan is institutional imbalance. Bureaucracy is neither in favor of giving power to anyone nor is ready to become responsible to anyone. This attitude is one of the main obstacles in the way to democracy. Most of the bureaucrats become partial and exploit resources of the country for a favorite political party. Bureaucrats of Pakistan are notorious for their corruption, inefficiency, and incompetency and thus responsible for destroying demo cracy in the country. Another main cause for the failure of democracy in Pakistan is feudal system. Pakistan has inherited feudal system from British India and this feudal system will never let democracy flourish in Pakistan. Feudal land lords have a major role in forming policies and they would never like to formulate those policies which are against their interest or are beneficial for the people. The feudal lords acted as traitors and supported British leaders for creating a moth-eaten Pakistan and now, at the present day, Pakistan is nothing but a feudal state. Most of the political leaders of Pakistan are feudal lords who have established their identities as political leaders. The feudal lords keep people at arm`s length and treat them as their slaves. The rigid nature of this class system has deprived Pakistan from educational and economic development. The farmers` community is under the control of their feudal masters. Such underprivileged and economically demoted peasants can have no other option but to vote for their masters. The famers live beyond the poverty line and cannot even express their will freely. Here, the spirit of democracy is violated. Peasants are forced to support their lords due to their fear or may be due to lack of knowledge. In this way, the elections are of no use since the peasants will only vote for their feudal lords under their pressure and democracy will be worse than oligarchy. Supremacy of feudal class is destroying democracy as well as national integration which itself essential for democracy. Democracy has been proved beneficial for the feudal land lords since it provides a cover to them and allows them to rule for as long as they want. As far as common people are concerned, they feel themselves totally neglected in such a democracy. In this situation of distorted democracy, even a thousand elections will not change Pakistans future. Democracy is based on basic traditions of equality and freedom of speech among citizens. As far as Pakistani democratic system is concerned, it has failed to achieve either equality or freedom among people and thus democracy in Pakistan is unsuccessful. This is a clear evidence of inequality when people have to pay bribes in order to get themselves a job. There exists no merit policy, while making appointments and discrimination on the basis of caste, social status and even gender has eliminated the whole concept of democracy. Rich can easily exploit the poor. For example, the wealthy people are always encouraged instead of educated people. Very few educated people join politics and assemblies. In this way, the uneducated people sitting in parliaments cannot build a democratic society on proper lines. In a democratic state, the opinion of each citizen is respected and given due importance. The citizens have full liberty to criticize the working of the government. Although freedom of speech exists to some extent in Pakistan, but due to no constitutional safeguard, it is not fully implemented. A common Pakistani citizen lacks constitutional protection and thus when any civil servant tries for the good governance; he has to face many obstacles. Whenever someone tries to raise his voice against government, he is pushed back instead of going forward. For example, many journalists of Pakistan who try to raise their voice against politicians are threatened by them. Many senior journalists have disclosed that they had received serious threats from both non-state and state actors. Similarly, many journalists have been murdered in Pakistan namely Abdul Haq Baluch, Abdul Qadir Hajiazi, Abdul Razzaq Gul, Tariq Kamal, Aurengzeb Tunio, Murtaaza Razvi, Syed Saleem Shahzad, and Mukarram Khan Aatif. (Admin, 1) Moreover, police had beaten journalists in Pakistan on Press Freedom day and while they were covering the arrival of Asif Ali Zardari. (Khan, 1) Under these circumstances , no one will dare to stand against government. When the true meaning of democracy has not been fulfilled by Pakistani government, it cannot declare itself a democratic state. Illiteracy is also one of the reasons for not letting democracy succeed in Pakistan. In Pakistan, the education sector remained neglected for a long time. In the census of 1951 the literacy rate of Pakistan was 16% that rose to 26.2% in 1981. According to the census of 1998, literacy rate of Pakistan is 43.92% and literacy rate in 2009 is calculated to be 58% which is very low as compared to the developed countries. (Admin, 1) Such underprivileged and uneducated people cannot make right choices. So maximum part of Pakistan`s population is still suffering in the darkness of illiteracy and backwardness and is unable to contribute anything towards the development of the country. High rate of literacy is important for democracy because illiteracy also leads to poverty. An illiterate and economically impoverished community cannot comprehend and follow the true spirit of democracy. In Pakistan, most of the political leaders and parties support democracy. It is argued by its advocates that in a democratic state, rulers can easily be changed without violence. This belief is false as it is evident that whenever any democratic government fails, it is overtaken by military government and the solution is never peaceful. Every military intervention that has occurred in Pakistan had always been preceded by periods of lawlessness and mismanagement by the political leaders. The politicians themselves provide opportunity to Army to intervene. Various examples of military rulers in the country include General Ayub Khan, General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf. Martial law is not itself enforced, but these are the bad tactics and failed democracy of the government which are responsible for giving rise to Martial Law. Moreover, the government can come back again after re-elections, for example Pakistan People`s Party and Pakistan Muslim League came into power many ti mes. The arguments in favor of democracy in Pakistan are fine theoretically but these are inappropriate in the current political scenario. It is believed that a democracy could never survive for long in Pakistan due to the incompetent people in the so called democratic system. People support democracy in Pakistan because they believe that it is the only form of government which gives people an opportunity to make choices and whatsoever their choices are, members elected are majority people`s chosen representatives. General elections are held in true democracy from time to time. The people can easily change their rulers by electing new ones. In Pakistan, the situation is worse because members elected are not people`s representatives. The main reason to it is that only very few people in Pakistan cast their vote and unfortunately, there is very little evidence which can prove that elections in Pakistan are fair and free. Firstly, people of Pakistan are not prosperous and well-off and thus their votes can easily be purchased. It has been noticed that votes are purchased very cheaply. Secondly, there is much rigging in the election process. Kidnapping voters or candidates on elections is a common spectacle. Moreover, Pakistani political parties do not announce their Party-manifesto during the election campaign. First of all, the parties do not believe in any kind of manifesto and secondly, if they do believe so, it is so unclearly mentioned that it practically means nothing to the readers. In addition to this, voter turnout and election system have further destroyed democracy. In the National elections of 2008, the total voter turnout as recorded by the Election Commission was 41.11 percent of the total registered voters. In Punjab, 48.18 percent and in Sindh, 44.16 percent of the registered voters voted at the elections. (petitioner, 71) Such low turnout in elections is destroying the true spirit of a democratic state. Furthermore, the system of election First Past the Post which is followed in Pakistan is not democratic. According to this system, the candidate securing the highest number of votes is the winner. The winning candidate, however, does not necessarily receive an absolute majority of all casted votes. Thus, according to this system, the parliament members who claim to be representatives of people may not command the majority of the votes registered and polled. Therefore, they may not genuinely represent their electorate. In such a situation, true democratic spirit is violated and members elected are not actually the majority chosen representatives. The accountability process is very important in a democratic state which results in clean and fair working of the executive. However, there is no system of accountability in Pakistan. Every incoming government makes big claims about accountability, but no effective step has been taken in this regard. The corrupt bureaucrats and politicians always escape from punishment due to no accountability process. The government affairs are not dealt transparently and the gap between people and the government is not bridged. A large number of politicians and government servants who have been known to be allegedly involved in activities like corruption, but no effective step has been taken against them. Under these circumstances where there is no accountability process, democracy can never flourish. Pakistan is a welfare state which has been struggling for democracy since its creation. The existing government of Pakistan has been proved the worst ever in its history. It is because it has given rise to unemployment, inflation, poverty and economic crisis. Health and education sectors are in their worst conditions. There exists no equality, freedom and rule of law in the country which are the basic norms for democracy. In Pakistan, democracy has only resulted in corruption, bad governance, institutional imbalance and low living standards of people. Democracy is unsuccessful due to incompetent leadership and political policies. Moreover, bureaucracy and feudal system has abolished democracy further. Democracy is not suitable for a country like Pakistan where most of the population is underprivileged. It has also been badly failed in many other countries like Turkey, Thailand, Israel and Africa. Hence it is proved that democracy is not the successful form of government. If it is suc cessful in the United States and India, it is because of their political and social atmospheres. The socio-political atmosphere in Pakistan does not support democracy at all. Pakistani government should take the example of China and Singapore. China is not a democratic state but still the world`s second largest economy. Similarly, Singapore was also not a democratic state when it gained independence and Mr. Lee was its first president. He put Singapore on the map of the world and took it to the heights of success and prosperity. As one writer once said, Singapore has achieved the American dream, but not in the American way. This has been done through what they call a Benevolent Dictator. (Trip, 1) However, in Pakistan, good administration, accountability process and merit policy is the need of the hour. It is proved that democracy cannot succeed in Pakistan and instead of continuing the system of the state as a fragile democracy; Pakistan should either become a theocracy or a commun ist.

Cultural Diversity and the Impossibility of a True Melting Pot Essay

Cultural Diversity and the Impossibility of a True Melting Pot The core standards of America are founded, in principle, on the basis of its diversity and equality among citizens. Begin- ning with its Declaration of Independence, the United States distinguished itself from other modern nation-states by establishing a country of men who were different but equal. Yet, despite the unifying images America projects within and beyond its borders, the idea behind E Pluribus Unum does not resound as one might assume it would. E Pluribus Unum was originally intended to be both a representation of the union of the thirteen colonies and an expression of the United States as a country formed by immigrants of many different backgrounds. Today, just the literal size of America would suggest the existence of a largely varied social atmosphere, even before one considers its influx of immigration from countries all over the world. In a way E Pluribus Unum-"out of many, one-is a contradiction. Many different cultures are represented within American citizenry and within the country's physical borders, and they remain distinctive. The outmoded idea of America as the "melting pot" has been replaced precisely because people are not going to disregard their first cultural traditions to adopt "American" ones. Rather, their differences tend to perpetuate separatist notions and delineate cultural groups as clearly as borders delineate the end of one country from the beginning of another. I believe that there are many advantages to embracing the diversity America has within its borders. Members of different cultures within the borders of one nation can benefit from each other, for example, by learning more about themselves through their varieg... ... I, too, have traveled outside of the United States and have discovered the advantages of being open to cultural differences. My experiences have allowed me to accept people on their own terms more easily than I would have were I not able to break out of my culture, even though only for a short period of time. I wish others could realize that cultural differences run only so deep-Middle Eastern Americans have as much pride for this nation as do Americans of non-Middle Eastern descent. Nevertheless, I remain confident that time will ameliorate problems associated with cultural difference. Notes 1. Name changed to ensure anonymity. 2. Name changed to ensure anonymity. 3. Elizabeth Fernea. Guests of the Sheik (New York: Anchor Books, 1969). 4. Ibid., 6. Bibliography Fernea, Elizabeth. Guests of the Sheik. New York: Anchor Books, 1969. Cultural Diversity and the Impossibility of a True Melting Pot Essay Cultural Diversity and the Impossibility of a True Melting Pot The core standards of America are founded, in principle, on the basis of its diversity and equality among citizens. Begin- ning with its Declaration of Independence, the United States distinguished itself from other modern nation-states by establishing a country of men who were different but equal. Yet, despite the unifying images America projects within and beyond its borders, the idea behind E Pluribus Unum does not resound as one might assume it would. E Pluribus Unum was originally intended to be both a representation of the union of the thirteen colonies and an expression of the United States as a country formed by immigrants of many different backgrounds. Today, just the literal size of America would suggest the existence of a largely varied social atmosphere, even before one considers its influx of immigration from countries all over the world. In a way E Pluribus Unum-"out of many, one-is a contradiction. Many different cultures are represented within American citizenry and within the country's physical borders, and they remain distinctive. The outmoded idea of America as the "melting pot" has been replaced precisely because people are not going to disregard their first cultural traditions to adopt "American" ones. Rather, their differences tend to perpetuate separatist notions and delineate cultural groups as clearly as borders delineate the end of one country from the beginning of another. I believe that there are many advantages to embracing the diversity America has within its borders. Members of different cultures within the borders of one nation can benefit from each other, for example, by learning more about themselves through their varieg... ... I, too, have traveled outside of the United States and have discovered the advantages of being open to cultural differences. My experiences have allowed me to accept people on their own terms more easily than I would have were I not able to break out of my culture, even though only for a short period of time. I wish others could realize that cultural differences run only so deep-Middle Eastern Americans have as much pride for this nation as do Americans of non-Middle Eastern descent. Nevertheless, I remain confident that time will ameliorate problems associated with cultural difference. Notes 1. Name changed to ensure anonymity. 2. Name changed to ensure anonymity. 3. Elizabeth Fernea. Guests of the Sheik (New York: Anchor Books, 1969). 4. Ibid., 6. Bibliography Fernea, Elizabeth. Guests of the Sheik. New York: Anchor Books, 1969.

Brrokstone’s business Essay

Brookstone is a nationwide specialty retailer that sells a variety of consumer products with distinctive function, excellent quality and design, which are not available in other retailers. The company develops strong positioning as a specialty retailer selling the â€Å"hard-to-find tools† in Popular Mechanics Magazine in 1965. The main concerns of Brookstone is to provide customers with the quality of products and quality of services, which served by the quality of people. The company first catalog is printed in black-and-white in the 24 pages that present the detailed and no-nonsense information regarding the product features, materials, measurements, capabilities, and any other useful information to guide customers in buying the suitable products for them (Brookstone, 2009). The successful catalog-type company has encouraged Brookstone to open their first retail store in Peterborough, New Hampshire. Right now, the company is headquartered in Merrimack, New Hampshire, which backed up by vast distribution center and customer service department that handle mail and telephone orders that located in Mexico, Missouri (Brookstone, 2009). The company also has over 305 retail stores within the United States and Puerto Rico. Mostly, the retail stores are located in leading shopping malls, the nation’s busiest airport, and lifestyle center. In order to cope with the demands, the company, on average, opens 10 to 15 new stores each year (Brookstone, 2009). As a catalog company, Brookstone employ a multifaceted Direct-Marketing approach by using two catalogs and Internet operation (www. brookstone. com) to help boosting the orders. The two catalogs are Brookstone catalog and the Hard-to-Find Tools catalog. The Brookstone catalog presents the branded products that available at stores and merchandise from key vendors of Brookstone. Meanwhile, the Hard to Find Tools catalog features customers with high-quality and unique solutions for the home. In addition, the corporate website (www. brookstone. com) acts as the combine catalogs that features all offering that placed in the two printed catalogs. Figure 1 shows the current offering in the corporate website. Figure 1 Brookstone corporate website Source: www. brookstone. com 1. Market Attractiveness Assessment 1. 1. Environment Overview Qatar is actually the country who has the highest per-capita income in 2007. This however, was effect of its overwhelming petroleum resources. Its high level of income nevertheless, has been influencing other aspects of people’s lives also. In this chapter, I will display short elaboration on several aspects of Qatar’s environment. 1. 1. 1. Political Environment Qatar is a politically active nation. The country is home to many Islamic activist and pro-Islamic views. Country officials however, refused to the confirmed of any connections with terrorist groups. Nevertheless, the country maintained very good relationship with the US government. The country is home to the largest US airbase in Middle East, outside of Iraq and it also support a US Naval base. The country has a large magnitude of gas projects, converging with Exxon Mobil and Royal Dutch/Shell. These businesses significantly enhanced Qatar’s importance to the vital Western Political interests and also economic interests. Many have said that Qatar’s ‘balancing’ political and economic programs are actually quite difficult to understand. However, analysts have also understood that this willingness to court both sides aggressively has given the country such a high political and economic profile compared to other nations in the Middle East. Despite the bomb attack that happened in 2005, Qatar’s political atmosphere is actually conducive for business. It is revealed that there are no ruling families holding control of the political activities, even though conservative elements of the society are still unease with recent foreign policy changes which have brought thousands of foreigners into the country. We should hold in our understanding however, that Qatar is still a eforming country. One of the good signs of positive developments is that the ruler of the country has been actively encouraging education and open political debates as key elements of his reform strategy. The latest banking environment also reveals that the country in overall, enjoy stable political conditions.

Paul Kennedys arguments on the rise and fall of great powers Essay

In the world’s history, the face of the earth has witnessed power supremacy between various countries and states. All along from the Spanish rein in their days on the sun, the Britain, France and now the US. All this scenes on the globe have a significant impact on the relative powers on the either side. The outstanding issue is not the power but forces behind that power rise, sustainability and its fall. Therefore this essay shall examine the ways of measuring this power sustainability according to the Paul Kennedy’s perspective in his argument on the rise and fall of major world powers. Introduction  Professor Paul Kennedy argues about how predictable and determinable is the raising and declining of the major powers in his book entitled: The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict From 1500 to 2000. In this book he presents the parameters which are used to measure the prospects and indicators of rising and decline of world’s major power. Furthermore, arguments are presented together with empirical studies of the major world powers, which encompass both political and economical dimensions of the Great Powers. This studies rates and discusses the rise and their fall from 1500 to 1980. Additionally, apart from exclusively discussion their rise and fall, his argument goes beyond the prevalent conditions and projects the future of the US, Japan, China, European Economic Commission and USSR. The core of the Kennedy’s argument is that the strength of a power of a nation or a state can only be measured relative to the other existing powers . In this connection, the fundamental issue that he uses as a scale is the fact that major powers rising, falling and their sustainability entirely depend on the available resources and economic durability and military strength relative to its requirements for prospering. Therefore, the argument for measuring the decline or prosperity of a given world power is through military power and its inputs and the economic and productive power. The two measuring devices employed by Professor Paul Kennedy 20 year earlier are the central base for this essay paper. Through use of military and economic propensity this essay shall examine the major world powers their rise and decline. Also related to the Kennedy’s argument is the prediction of the decline of the USSR and US as a major world power or super power , while prediction of gradual but steady raise of china as a major power. The central thesis of Paul Kennedy is that the power of a state needs to be maintained and sustained. Therefore the more the power of a state increases, the more resources shall be needed to maintain. The maintenance of a power should be balance between both in military and economic power . But when more state resources are devoted towards maintaining military power in long term it weakens the power and directs it to the path of decline. While when productivity economy slightly overweighs military expenditure the power is stable and can be maintained. Therefore the key driver of the power of a state entirely relies on the economic component of the power. Thus the main argument is; power can only be maintained by a prudent balance between the creation of wealth and military expenditure. Therefore the essay shall closely look at this argument that emphasizes on the power measuring parameter using the balance between wealthy creation and military expenditure. In order to do this effectively the essay shall evaluate how reliable and valid is the argument basing on the major historical world powers; especially the Germany, France, US, Moguls of India, Ottoman Empire, USSR, China, Japan and Great Britain. Measures for rise and fall of a great power state The countries in this regard power can only be measured and gauged with each other only when their military mighty sustainability costs balances with their economic production or wealth creation through investments or production of gods and services. 0 years earlier Paul Kennedy researched, wrote and interpreted the major world power how they rose over the years into their day on sun and the dark side of their power into decline. Therefore at this point it is worthy to examine how relevant are the two measuring parameter and how realistic are they to today’s reality on our globe, traced from the past and extrapolated into the future. Economic and productive power The key driver of the power of a state entirely relies on the economic component of the power in terms of its productivity. This is because as the government running, planning and execution of the plans depends on the engine of the economy. Most evident is that, British financial strength was the single most decisive factor in its victories over France during the 19th century. Therefore in this argument Professor Kennedy argues that it is possible to detect the rise and fall of different powers in the world by looking at the economic indices. In this regard economic power dictates the power prosperity. For instance the economic dimension is important to maintain the military mighty. In this connection, economic production should overweigh or balance the expenditure to the military sector. For example Spain, Britain, France and Netherlands military expenditure overweighed their economic production that has lead to their declines since then. Addition to that, we can agree today that during the entire 19th to early 20th century the Great Britain was the fore front in the entire world as a great power. The reason for its being on the fore front was the fact that industrial revolution placed it on that position. This is can be empirically evident that Britain per capita grew from 10, 16, 25, 64, 87 and 100 in 1750, 1800, 1830, 1860, 1880, and 1900 respectively. At this time France which was a relative competitor for this great power had its per capita from 9, 9, 12, 20, 28 and 39 in 1750, 1800, 1830, 1860,1880 and 1900 respectively . Therefore gauging at these two difference in the production of the in terms of industrial per capita, it implies that the UK had an upper hand even in financing its major military operations than France therefore can maintain the slot of being major power on the globe . Another indicator that is used to measure the rising and declining power under the economic and productive power; is the relative share of the worlds manufacturing outputs. In this respect, great power states manufacturing output can really determine the peaks and troughs of power. For example UK’s output is1. 9 percent in 1750, then in 1860 it was at 19. 9 percent, and 22. 9 percent in the year 1880. While china’s starts at an index of 32. 8% in 1750 and declines to19. % in 1860, after the Taiping Rebellion and Opium Wars ; then declines further to 12. 5% in 1880. The two combinations give an insight of the power that is capable financially so that it can be able to run its functions effectively. In this light, statistics of war time indicates that during its reign Britain was capable to maintain its war expenditures effectively. Thus in 1688 to 1815 the total wartime expenses were ? 2,293,483,437 , Britain income was pitched at  Ã‚ £ 1,622,924,377. Thus it only had a balance of  £ 670,559,060. But from 1890s the US economy overtook that of Britain and Germany to become the world super power together with other political factors . Thirdly the measures can be in today’s economic environment through the use of the states share of the total world GDP which is a round $45 to $50 trillion. At this juncture Kennedy’s argument predicts the decline of the US as a world super power. Since the share of the US in the world GDP ever declining since 1945 when it over took from Britain. In fact China is a major threat to the US as a world great power. To this effect the statistics indicates that China’s total GDP will be higher than that of the US by 2025, if the trading systems are not interfered with by natural calamities or human caused activities. Military power Military power is necessary to safeguard the overall power and the economic power of the state. Military power is the symbol of real and hard power. All great powers that rose in the face of the earth had a relatively stronger military power that enabled the m defeat major battles and wars. For instance the Germany, France, Britain, Spain and Soviet Union . But that one does not exempt the central thesis of the discussion; power sustainability can only be achieved through a balance between the wealth creation and the military expenditure that do not over stretch the economy of the state. In this regard at the beginning of the 16th century, Spain was the worlds and European great power with excellent armed forces . This made it powerful. But the argument is the measure for this power sustainability; that makes it relative to either prevail or decline. Therefore fort the Spain’s case, this excellent army required sustenance from economic resources. Which were over spent on a higher scale from Spain’s mismanaged resources, deficit budgeting and inflation. Hence in the long run it declined as a major power. The French also saw the same way as Spain at end of the 17th. Whereby France mismanaged its economic resources that was largely used for supporting an increasingly expensive regular armed forces until the period of the American Revolutionary that led to the French Revolution making this expenditures too huge for the economy top support that ended in a bankruptcy ; hence its decline. Britain on the other hand had to have a loan to finance its military campaigns, making it use more of the resources than what it creates as economical input. On the other hand the on his prediction for decline of the US as a major world power in terms of it’s overstretch on the military expenditures, it is evident that US is spending too much on the military. For instance nuclear full-fleet carrier of the US navy that is 20 storey high, that displaces105, 000 tonnes of water. This total expenditure for construction is about $28 billion , which is greatest budget ever in the world’s history. In general, US defense budget only accounts for just over half of total defense expenditure in the world. This together with other reasons makes US ever crisis as a super power. Conclusion The argument of Kennedy Paul about the rise and fall of the world’s greatest powers over human history is to a great extend valid. However it is not 100% accurate and any where in this universe it can not happen. Basing on his central thesis of the argument that; the power measuring parameter using the balance between wealthy creation and military expenditure. The essay has explored these measuring devises used by professor Paul indeed there is some validity in this claims. For instance, china over currently has concentrated on the wealth creation by production and controlled minimal military expenditure: has seen to pose a threat to US supremacy. Therefore whenever the governance system fails to balance there scorecards between the economic output and inputs to sustain military force activities the decline shall be knocking at the door. Whereas the reverse is true.